气候变暖对湖泊热力及溶解氧分层影响研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张运林 《水科学进展》2015,26(1):130-139

气候变暖对湖泊物理、化学、生物和生态系统有着复杂而深刻的直接和间接影响,而具体影响随研究区域和水体表现不尽相同。气候变暖通过改变湖泊热力和溶解氧分层进而影响湖泊生物过程和生态系统结构与功能。从全球湖泊变暖趋势、长期缓慢气温上升、极端高温事件以及气候情景模拟等方面详细综述了气候变暖对湖泊热力及溶解氧分层影响的研究进展。研究表明,全球不同区域湖泊均存在不同程度的变暖趋势;长期缓慢气温上升和短期极端高温均会造成湖泊热力分层提前,分层结束推迟,分层时间延长,混合层和温跃层深度下降,以及热稳定性增加;相伴随的是溶解氧扩散深度和氧跃层深度明显下降,加剧了湖泊底部好氧和厌氧环境。除了这种直接影响外,气候变暖引起的流域降水、入湖物质的变化以及风速的变化也会对湖泊热力和溶解氧分层产生许多间接的影响,因此未来仍然需要更多的实验证据、经验和数值模型来验证和预测气候变暖对湖泊热力及溶解氧分层的影响。  相似文献   

基于连岛沙坝原理设计的海滩排水管头地貌稳定性研究     

董标  蔡锋  金保明  刘建辉  雷刚 《海洋工程》2018,36(1):128-137

海滩排水管建设对海滩环境影响较大。以厦门会展中心连岛沙坝式排水管头工程影响海滩演变为例,研究连岛沙坝式海滩排水管头对海滩地形稳定性和沉积的影响。1)通过对研究区连岛沙坝式管头附近海滩10条剖面进行分析,研究管头附近海滩滩肩宽度、滩面坡度和单宽留存沙量等剖面形态变化特征。测量数据分析表明,无管头保护滩面高程降低,滩面坡度总体变陡,滩肩蚀退严重;受管头保护滩面高程上升,坡度变缓,滩肩宽度略有减小,剖面单宽沙量留存比例大于1。2)2012-2016年多期岸线及管头边界线变化结果表明,工程施工后,排水管身始终被沙体覆盖,一年后部分管头被沙体覆盖,最终管头被覆盖率稳定在70%以上。3)会展管头附近海滩潮上带和高潮带沉积物自北向南运移,低潮带则相反;潮上带和中潮带上部沉积物从管头所在"连岛沙坝"向两侧海滩输移,而低潮带和中潮带下部输移方向相反。沉积物粒径由岸向海逐渐变粗,越靠近管头,沉积物粒径呈变细趋势。最后讨论了引起管头局部海滩地形地貌变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

王家官庄旧村改造基坑支护设计与施工实践          下载免费PDF全文

李先经  王会军  刘心起 《探矿工程》2020,47(1):69-74

介绍了青岛市即墨区王家官庄旧村改造项目基坑支护设计方案与基坑支护实施情况，该工程地层条件复杂，地下水丰富，又靠近石鹏水库，环境条件较复杂，通过采用土钉墙与高压旋喷桩止水帷幕，基坑降水等技术措施的顺利实施，基坑支护效果良好，确保了地下车库基坑开挖、基础施工的安全，施工质量满足相关技术要求。  相似文献   

地震作用下预应力锚索边坡的稳定性分析     

贾志波  陶连金  史明 《岩土力学》2020,41(11):3604-3612

稳定性分析对边坡工程具有重要的意义。为探究地震对预应力锚固边坡的影响，基于预应力锚索具有安全储备的特点，分析了地震作用下边坡的分阶段模型。在传统Newmark法的基础上，采用拟动力计算，推导了顺层岩质边坡的位移、锚固力和安全系数计算公式。结合工程两个算例，探究了不同锚索模型和地震累积作用下的边坡变形规律。由结果可知，当锚索锚固力取固定值时，边坡计算位移偏大，随时间呈线性增长。当考虑锚索的安全储备时，位移增长速率随时间逐渐减小，最后趋近于定值。不同锚索模型对位移影响较大，锚索储备作用不可忽略。同时地震会对预应力锚固边坡产生永久性影响。当再次发生扰动时，其表现为临界滑动阈值的提升，位移增长率与受震经历的加速度幅值呈反指数变化。以露天矿区边坡为背景，在抗震设防标准下确定最佳支护方案。  相似文献   

库岸斜坡失稳及其涌浪灾害风险分析          下载免费PDF全文

罗冠枝  高文伟  王国卫  蒋明光  陈全明 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2020,31(1):8-17

库岸斜坡失稳及其引发涌浪问题是库岸斜坡灾害的重要研究部分,开展库岸斜坡失稳及其涌浪灾害风险分析研究对指导库岸斜坡防灾减灾具有重要意义。以湖南省麻阳县大水冲水库滑坡为例,探讨库岸斜坡失稳引发涌浪灾害的分析方法,采用Geostudio软件进行10年和50年一遇5日累积降雨的滑坡稳定性模拟分析,绘制滑坡影响范围内建筑物风险变化图和室内人员风险变化图。总结了在最危险工况下,大水冲水库滑坡总经济风险为249.3万元,室内人员的风险值达到27.8,并有产生翻坝的可能,但对沟口居民和水库坝体破坏的风险低。  相似文献   

Subaquatic slope instabilities: The aftermath of river correction and artificial dumps in Lake Biel (Switzerland)     

Nathalie Dubois  Love Råman Vinnå  Marvin Rabold  Michael Hilbe  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Alfred Wüest  Laetitia Meuriot  Alice Jeannet  Stéphanie Girardclos 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):971-990

River engineering projects are developing rapidly across the globe, drastically modifying water courses and sediment transfer. Investigation of the impact of engineering works focuses usually on short-term impacts, thus a longer-term perspective is still missing on the effects that such projects have. The ‘Jura Water Corrections’ – the largest river engineering project ever undertaken in Switzerland – radically modified the hydrological system of Lake Biel in the 19th and 20th Century. The deviation of the Aare River into Lake Biel more than 140 years ago, in 1878, thus represents an ideal case study to investigate the long-term sedimentological impacts of such large-scale river rerouting. Sediment cores, along with new high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection datasets were acquired in Lake Biel to document the consequences of the Jura Water Corrections on the sedimentation history of Lake Biel. Numerous subaquatic mass transport structures were detected on all of the slopes of the lake. Notably, a relatively large mass transport complex (0·86 km²) was observed on the eastern shore, along the path of the Aare River intrusion. The large amount of sediment delivered by the Aare River since its deviation into the lake likely caused sediment overloading resulting in subaquatic mass transport. Alternatively, the dumping since 1963 in a subaquatic landfill of material excavated during the second phase of river engineering, when the channels flowing into and out of Lake Biel were widened and deepened, might have triggered the largest mass transport, dated to 1964 or 1965. Additional potential triggers include two nearby small earthquakes in 1964 and 1965 (M_W 3·9 and 3·2, respectively). The data for this study indicate that relatively large mass transports have become recurrent in Lake Biel following the deviation of the Aare River, thus modifying hazard frequency for the neighbouring communities and infrastructure.  相似文献   

南昌商业中心深基坑工程组合支护技术          下载免费PDF全文

谢秋明  张青平 《探矿工程》2020,47(9):75-80,96

以南昌市一商业中心深基坑支护工程实例为背景，通过分析周边环境、地质条件、开挖深度,在保证安全的前提下，充分利用各种因素降低基坑支护造价。在地下水控制上，合理确定坑外地下水位控制标高，采用截水、降水的组合形式。基坑支护采用组合支护结构，在不同部位分别采用土钉墙、锚拉式排桩的支护形式；支护结构上，下部采用不同结构类型的组合。通过设计方案比较与优化，做到安全适用、经济合理。  相似文献   

台风暴雨型浅层滑坡失稳机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫金凯  黄俊宝  李海龙  陈亮  张艳玲 《地质力学学报》2020,26(4):481-491

针对台风暴雨耦合作用下浅层滑坡的失稳机理进行研究。在总结福建台风暴雨型滑坡灾害特征的基础上，提出风荷载对斜坡变形失稳的影响机理是通过植被造成坡体开裂，从而影响坡体的入渗规律。应用GeoStudio软件计算台风暴雨入渗条件下裂隙坡体中暂态非饱和渗流场的变化，以及对斜坡稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:裂隙坡体由于在裂隙处形成集中入渗点，雨水的入渗速度大于无裂隙的坡体，坡体达到饱和状态所需要的时间大为缩短。裂隙深度、间距对滑坡稳定系数的影响较大，裂隙深度越大、间距越小，在相同的降雨条件下滑坡的稳定系数越小，滑坡失稳需要的降雨时长越短。裂隙宽度对滑坡稳定性的影响相对较小。   相似文献   

An adaptive finite element model for wellbore breakout simulation     

Diogo L. Cecílio  Philippe R. B. Devloo  Sônia M. Gomes  Erick S.R. Santos 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(4):814-828

A finite element formulation is proposed and implemented for analysing the stability of excavated wells using the DiMaggio-Sandler constitutive elastoplastic model with a typical carbonate reservoir configuration. The quality of the finite element approximation is ensured by applying smooth curved elements adapted to the wellbore geometry, and h − p adaptive finite element meshes in the plastic zone. General purpose procedures are defined to transfer the elastoplastic deformation history to newly created integration points. A breakout damage criterion is proposed based on the second invariant of the deviatoric plastic deformation tensor. This damage criterion is used to apply a mesh movement algorithm to represent material collapse. The automatic successive application of the breakout damage criterion results in elliptical realistically looking geometries obtained in experiments reported in the literature.  相似文献   

Semi-analytical solution for the water wave diffraction by arrays of truncated circular cylinders in front of a vertical wall     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The present study investigates the combined wave field that is induced by the continuous interaction of plane waves with an array of truncated circular cylinders in front of a rigid wall. The long-term goal of the study is the investigation of possible increase in the efficiency of cylindrical Wave Energy Converters (WECs) by putting in the vicinity of the array a barrier to propagation, a wall, that could assist the reflection of the incoming waves. The main task is to develop a generic solution method that is free of conceptual simplifications employed, e.g. by the method of images and the assumption of “pure” wave reflection. To cope with the set task, the proposed method relies on the semi-analytical formulation of the velocity potentials, while the solution is sought by combined expressions that involve polar and elliptical harmonics. The wall is represented as an elliptical cylinder with zero semi-minor axis. This assumption has eventually a beneficial effect to the underlying formulation given that it simplifies significantly the expansions of the involved diffraction potentials.  相似文献